Narrative text (social function, generic structure)
Text 1
The Legend of Manik Angkeran
Long
ago in Bali, there lived a powerful and respected priest named Sidi Mantra. He
was wise and spiritually gifted, but he was troubled by his only son, Manik
Angkeran. Unlike his father, Manik Angkeran was known for his gambling habit.
His addiction caused him to lose large amounts of money, and he soon fell
deeply into debt.
Desperate
and afraid, Manik Angkeran asked his father for help. Although disappointed,
Sidi Mantra loved his son and decided to assist him. Through meditation, he
learned that a sacred dragon named Naga Besukih, who lived at Mount Agung,
guarded great treasure. Sidi Mantra climbed the mountain and respectfully asked
the dragon for help. Because of the priest’s sincerity, Naga Besukih agreed to
give him gold to pay his son’s debts.
For a
short time, Manik Angkeran promised to change. However, his greed returned.
Curious about the source of his father’s wealth, he secretly went to Mount
Agung to meet the dragon himself. When Naga Besukih appeared, the dragon
generously gave him gold from his scales. Instead of feeling grateful, Manik
Angkeran became greedy. He thought that by cutting the dragon’s tail, he could
gain more treasure. Without thinking, he attacked the dragon.
Enraged
by the betrayal, Naga Besukih burned Manik Angkeran to ashes. Meanwhile, Sidi
Mantra sensed danger and hurried to the mountain. Seeing his son’s ashes, he
begged the dragon for forgiveness. He admitted his son’s mistake and pleaded
for mercy.
Moved
by the priest’s sincerity, Naga Besukih agreed to revive Manik Angkeran on one
condition: father and son must live separately to prevent further wrongdoing.
Sidi Mantra accepted. Using his spiritual power, he created a deep separation
between the land of Java and Bali, forming the strait that divides the two
islands.
After
being brought back to life, Manik Angkeran realized the consequences of his
greed. He regretted his actions and promised to become a better person.
Text 2
Once
upon a time, in a small town named Harmonyville, lived two young souls, Lily
and Jake. Lily was an artist with a heart full of colors, while Jake was a
musician with a melody in his every step.
Days
turned into a blossoming friendship. Lily had to move to the bustling city for
an art scholarship, creating a dilemma in their budding romance. The separation
loomed, casting a shadow on their connection.
Despite
the distance, Lily and Jake decided to navigate the problem together. They
wrote letters, shared sketches, and Jake composed melodies that echoed their
emotions. The conflict became a test of their love, strengthening it rather
than breaking it.
And
so, in the city that now held the colors of Lily's art and the melodies of
Jake's music, they continued their love story, embracing the journey ahead with
open hearts and a promise to overcome any complication that life might throw
their way.
2. Report text (social function, generic structure)
Text
Computers are machine that handle information automatically. They can perform calculations and process data. Computers can work with numbers to solve problems in a few seconds. Computers can remember a great deal of information. That is why computers are widely used in places, such as banks, offices and companies.
Computers work like calculators. But, most calculators can do only one thing at a time. We tell them what to do by pressing various buttons. To do the same work, we can give a series of instructions to a computer. We call this a computer program. If we set up a program, the computer can provide other information such as a list, numbers, letters, word or even graphs or pictures. Once we program a computer, the computer can do all this work automatically without further help or instruction.
A computer stores and handles numbers. The numbers may be mathematical formulas or column of the figure.
3. Recount text (social function, generic structure)
Text
I just returned from my holiday in my uncle’s house in Malang. During the time, I visited many interesting places, such as Jatim Park 1 and 2, Museum Angkut, Batu Night Spectacular and Mount Bromo. However, the most memorable was my trip to mount Bromo. It is the most exotic place I’ve ever seen.
At that time, I went with my uncle’s family. We went there by car in middle of night and arrived at around 3:30 a.m. There were already many people there. They all wore thick jackets, gloves and beanies, so did we. It was so cold that we were going to freeze. Soon, we could adapt to the weather.
Later on we moved to Penanjakan Peak to see the sunrise. Later on, we withnessed such a magnificent sunrise. Luckily, the weather was so fine that we all could see that shinning golden ball very clearly. Then, we walked up to the top of Mount Bromo. It was really hard because we had to walk through thick sand desert while it was rather cold. Arriving at the top, it was so amazing! Trush me, you should go there one day. What a wonderful place!
Overall, my last holiday is the best moment of my life. I hope I have another chance to explore Malang City.
The Suramadu Bridge (Indonesian: Jembatan Suramadu), also known as the Surabaya–Madura Bridge, is a bridge with three cable-stayed sections constructed between Surabaya on the island of Java and the town of Bangkalan on the island of Madura in Indonesia. It was opened on June 10, 2009, the 5.4-km bridge is the longest bridge in Indonesia and the first bridge to cross the Madura Strait.
The cable-stayed portion has three spans with lengths 192 m, 434 m and 192 m. The bridge has two lanes in each direction plus an emergency lane and a dedicated lane for motorcycles. The first toll bridge fare in Indonesia has been initially set at Rp. 30,000 (US$3 in 2009) for four-wheeled vehicles and Rp. 3,000 (US$0.30) for two-wheelers. The bridge was built by a consortium of Indonesian companies PT AdhiKarya and PT WaskitaKarya working with China Road and Bridge Corp. and China Harbor Engineering Co. LtD. The total cost of the project, including connecting roads, has been estimated at 4.5 trillion rupiah (US$445 million).
Construction was started on August 20, 2003. In July 2004, a girder collapsed, killed one worker and injured nine others. The work on the bridge halted at the end of 2004 due to lack of funds, but was restarted in November 2005. The main span of the bridge was connected on March 31, 2009, and the bridge was opened to the public in June 10, 2009.Within a week of the opening, it was discovered that nuts and bolts as well as maintenance lamps had been stolen and that there was evidence of vandalism of cables supporting the main span.
6. Procedure text (social function, generic structure)
Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being for the rest of your life. Adequate quality sleep at the right time can help to protect your mental health, quality of life, physical health, and safety. Why is sleep so important? Sleep can help your brain work properly. When you sleep, your brain prepares to run the next day. This will undoubtedly form a new path to help you learn and remember information.
Studies suggest that a good night’s sleep can improve learning. Whether you’re learning how to play the piano, do the math, play golf, or drive a car, sleep will help you improve your learning and problem-solving skills. Sleep will also help you make decisions, pay attention, and be creative.
Physical health is often also related to the quality of sleep. That’s why sleep plays a vital role in your physical health. For example, rest is involved in healing and repairing your heart and blood vessels. Sustained sleep deprivation is associated with an increased risk of kidney disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and diabetes. Sleep can also help maintain a healthy balance of hormones that make you feel hungry (ghrelin)/full (leptin). When you don’t get enough sleep, your ghrelin level will go up, and your leptin level will drop. That will make you feel more hungry than when you get enough rest.
Those benefits of the importance of sleep for health are presented. There are a lot of benefits of sleep to get better health, not only physically but also mentally. That’s why sleep is the activity that we should be concerned about for getting a healthy life.
9. Discussion text (social function, generic structure)
The increasing availability of technology has led to a debate about its role in education. Some argue that technology can enhance learning, while others express concerns about its potential negative impacts.
It provides access to a vast amount of information. Technology offers students access to a wide range of educational resources, including textbooks, articles, videos, and online courses. Moreover, it facilitates collaboration and communication. Technology enables students to collaborate with their peers and teachers from around the world, promoting teamwork and communication skills. Then, the use of technology in education can also promotes critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Technology can be used to create interactive learning experiences that challenge students to think critically and solve problems. Lastly, it can personalize learning. Technology can be used to personalize learning experiences, allowing students to learn at their own pace and in a way that best suits their individual needs.
Apart from that, technology in education can lead to distractions and decreased focus. Students may be tempted to use technology for non-educational purposes, which can lead to distractions and decreased focus. It may also widen the digital divide. If students do not have access to technology at home, they may be at a disadvantage compared to their peers who do.
In addition, it can raise concerns about privacy and security: The use of technology in education raises concerns about student privacy and data security. Finally, technology may replace human interaction. Overreliance on technology may lead to a decrease in human interaction, which is essential for social and emotional development.
While technology offers many benefits to education, it is important to consider its potential drawbacks. The effective use of technology depends on how it is integrated into the learning process and how it is monitored and managed. It is essential to ensure that technology is used to enhance learning, rather than to replace it. Additionally, schools should strive to provide equitable access to technology for all students, regardless of their socioeconomic background.
Text 2
The Impact of Online Learning on Education
Online learning has become a popular method of education, especially during the COVID-19 pandemiy. This method of learning increases important questions about its effectiveness compared to traditional classroom learning. As schools and universities adapt to this new approach, it is essential to examine both the benefits and drawbacks of online learning.
One of the main advantages of online learning is its flexibility. Students can access materials and lectures at their convenience, allowing them to study at their own pace. This is particularly helpful for those with jobs or family responsibilities. Additionally, online learning increases accessibility, enabling students from remote areas to enroll in courses offered by various institutions without needing to relocate. Besides that, online platforms often provide a wealth of resources, including videos, interactive quizzes, and forums for discussion. These diverse materials cater to various learning preferences and can enhance understanding.
However, online learning also has significant downsides. A major concern is the lack of social interaction, which can lead to feelings of isolation among students. Furthermore, not all students have equal access to technology, creating disparities in educational opportunities. Lastly, online learning requires strong self-discipline, and some students may struggle to stay motivated without the structure of a traditional classroom.
In conclusion, while online learning offers flexibility and accessibility, it also presents challenges such as reduced social interaction and technology dependence. A blended learning approach, which combines online and face-to-face instruction, could provide a balanced solution. This method allows students to benefit from the advantages of online learning while still enjoying personal interaction and support from teachers and peers.
10. Argumentative text (social function, generic structure)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming industries worldwide, making work faster and more efficient. However, some people worry that AI will replace human jobs. While AI may take over certain tasks, it also creates new opportunities and enhances productivity, making it more beneficial than harmful.
First, AI improves efficiency. Machines can perform repetitive tasks more quickly and accurately than humans. For example, in factories, AI-powered robots can assemble products with precision, reducing errors and production time. This helps companies save money and increase output.
Second, AI creates new job opportunities. Although some traditional jobs may disappear, AI has led to the growth of new careers in fields like data science, AI programming, and cybersecurity. Instead of replacing workers, AI allows people to focus on more creative and complex tasks that require human intelligence.
Third, AI enhances decision-making. Businesses, healthcare, and education benefit from AI’s ability to analyze large amounts of data and provide insights. In medicine, for example, AI helps doctors diagnose diseases faster, leading to better treatment plans for patients.
Some argue that AI will cause massive job loss and unemployment. However, history has shown that technological advancements always lead to job shifts rather than total job elimination. Workers can adapt by learning new skills.
In conclusion, AI is not a threat but a tool that improves efficiency, creates new job opportunities, and enhances decision-making. Instead of fearing AI, society should embrace it while preparing workers for the future job market.
Text 2
In today’s fast-paced world, digital payment systems such as e-money have revolutionized financial transactions. E-money offers unparalleled convenience, enhanced security, and environmental benefits. Despite some concerns, its advantages outweigh the drawbacks.
First, e-money provides unmatched convenience. It allows users to complete transactions anytime and anywhere without carrying physical cash. This feature is particularly beneficial in emergency situations or for online purchases.
Second, e-money ensures better security. Unlike cash, which can be lost or stolen, digital transactions can be tracked, making it easier to detect fraudulent activities. Moreover, financial institutions implement encryption and authentication processes to protect users.
Third, e-money contributes to environmental sustainability. By reducing the need for paper receipts and cash production, digital transactions help decrease deforestation and carbon footprint.
Some critics argue that e-money is vulnerable to cyber threats and technical failures. However, banks and fintech companies continuously enhance cybersecurity measures to minimize risks. Additionally, responsible usage, such as setting strong passwords and avoiding suspicious links, can prevent fraud.
We conclude that e-money offers significant benefits, making financial transactions more efficient, secure, and eco-friendly. As technology evolves, adopting e-money will become even more essential in daily life.
11. Expressions of giving arguments on current issues and global challenges
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